In the functionalist perspective, societies are thought to function like organisms, with various social institutions working together like organs to maintain and reproduce societies. Show
The class system is much more open, since it is based primarily on money or material possessions, which can be acquired. capitalist class, the upper middle class, lower middle class, working class, working-poor class, and under class. The capitalist would be investors and top executives, the upper middle class would be professionals and upper managers, the middle class would be lower managers, foremen, the working class would be factory workers, low paid retail sales, craftspeople, the working poor would be laborers, low paid sales people, and finally the underclass would be unemployed, part-time, welfare o In the 19th century, a German philosopher named Karl Marx began exploring the relationship between economy and the workers within that system. Over his lifetime, Marx developed a theory that human societies progress though a struggle between two distinct social classes. The proletariat, the workers, are the lower
class. They perform the labor, but the upper class managers, bosses, and rulers, called the bourgeoisie, get the profits. In this system, which became known as Marxism, governments existed to protect the wealthy, not the common good. Max Weber: Property, Power, and Prestige Property (or wealth): ownership is not the only significant aspect of property; some powerful people, such as managers of corporations, control the means of production even though they do not own them. Power, the second element of social class, is the ability to control others, even over their objections. Prestige, the third element in Weber's analysis, is often derived from property and power, since people tend to admire the wealthy and powerful. o Murdock did a very comprehensive study in which he examined over 200 pre-industrial societies from all over the world.
He found that they had many things in common, including typical gender roles for men and women. Murdock saw that even though these societies did have some differences, such as culture or common types of food, general social roles for men and women were similar for almost every society he studied. • The three major ones are class, slavery and caste The functionalist view of social stratification, developed by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, concludes that stratification is inevitable because society must make certain that its positions are filled; ensure that the most qualified people fill the most important positions; and finally, to motivate the most qualified individuals to fill the most important positions, society must offer them the greatest reward to fill the most important positions. Conflict theorists contend that conflict, not function, is the basis of social stratification. Italian sociologist Gaetano Mosca argued that in every society groups compete for power. The groups that gain power use that power to manipulate, control, and exploit the groups "beneath them." Members of the ruling elite in every society develop ideologies that justify their society's social stratification system. By dominating their society's major social institutions and, thereby, controlling information and ideas, members of the ruling elite are able to socialize other group members into accepting their "proper places" in the social order. Marx believed the elite maintained their position at the top of the stratification system by seducing the oppressed into believing their welfare depended on keeping society stable. Gerhard Lenski suggested the key to understanding stratification is based on the accumulation of surplus. A self-idea has three principle elements according to Cooley: *Double consciousness and self-idea relate because in both terms an individual is basing off what they think of themselves on others. In the self-idea, the person is thinking about how they will look to the other people and therefore the person may change they way they feel about themselves depending on how others think about him or her. In double consciousness the A.A sees themselves through how they are viewed in society. See that the way they see themselves and the way the others look at them contradict. *in imagination we perceive in another's mind some thought of our appearance, manners, aims, deeds, character, friends, and so on, and are variously affected by it (Cooley, 1964: 184)." This is useful in understanding the role played by shame in double consciousness; the shame that results from "measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity." What is the largest difference between the functionalist and conflict perspectives?What is the largest difference between the Functionalist and Conflict perspectives and the Interactionist perspective? The former two consider long-term repercussions of the group or situation, while the latter focuses on the present.
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the views of Functionalists and conflict theorists on Credentialism quizlet?Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the views of functionalists and conflict theorist on credentialism? functionalist maintain that credentialism restricts upward social mobility, while conflict theorist contend that credentialism offers a great sense of achievement.
What is the difference between conflict theory and conflict perspective?In the conflict perspective, change comes about through conflict between competing interests, not consensus or adaptation. Conflict theory, therefore, gives sociologists a framework for explaining social change, thereby addressing one of the problems with the functionalist perspective.
How does structural functionalism and conflict theory view social institutions quizlet?a) Structural functionalism sees society as comprised of different parts that all have their functions and contribute to the smooth functioning of society. Conflict theory, on the other hand, sees society as a competition over limited resources and characterized by power struggles and inequalities.
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