Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition in which the lungs and digestive system can become clogged with thick, sticky mucus. Show
It can cause problems with breathing and digestion from a young age. Over many years, the lungs become increasingly damaged and may eventually stop working properly. Most cases of cystic fibrosis in the UK are now identified through screening tests carried out soon after birth. It's estimated that 1 in every 2,500 babies born in the UK has cystic fibrosis. A number of treatments are available to help reduce the problems caused by the condition, but unfortunately average life expectancy is reduced for people who have it. Symptoms of cystic fibrosisSymptoms of cystic fibrosis tend to start in early childhood, although they can sometimes develop very soon after birth, or may not be obvious until adulthood. Some of the main symptoms of cystic fibrosis can include:
People with the condition can also develop a number of related conditions, including diabetes, thin, weakened bones (osteoporosis) and liver problems. Read more about the symptoms of cystic fibrosis Causes of cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis is caused by a faulty gene that a child inherits from both of their parents. The faulty gene means that some cells struggle to move salt and water across the cell wall. This, along with recurrent infections, can result in a build-up of thick, sticky mucus in the body's tubes and passageways. To be born with cystic fibrosis, a child has to inherit two copies of this faulty gene – one from each of their parents. Their parents will not usually have the condition themselves, because they will only carry one faulty gene and one that works normally. If both parents carry the faulty gene, there's a 25% chance that each child they have will be born with cystic fibrosis. Read more about the causes of cystic fibrosis Screening and testing for cystic fibrosisMost cases of cystic fibrosis are now detected soon after birth through the newborn blood spot test. This involves collecting a drop of blood from the baby's heel and testing it for abnormalities that could indicate cystic fibrosis. More tests will be needed to confirm the diagnosis, such as:
These tests can also be carried out in older children and adults with symptoms of cystic fibrosis who haven't been screened previously. If you have a family history of cystic fibrosis, you can be tested to determine if you're at risk of having a child with the condition by checking if you're a "carrier" of the faulty gene that causes it. Read more about how cystic fibrosis is diagnosed Treatments for cystic fibrosisThere's currently no cure for cystic fibrosis, but a number of treatments are available to help control the symptoms, prevent complications, and make the condition easier to live with. Possible treatments include:
A lung transplant may eventually be needed if the lungs become greatly damaged. Read more about treating cystic fibrosis Outlook for cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis is a progressive condition, which means it tends to get worse over time. Eventually the condition can be fatal if it leads to a serious infection or the lungs stop working properly. The outlook for cystic fibrosis has improved considerably in recent years because of advancements in treatment, although most people with cystic fibrosis will have a shorter-than-average life expectancy. Currently, about half of the people with cystic fibrosis will live past the age of 40. Children born with the condition nowadays are likely to live longer than this. Information about youIf you or your child has cystic fibrosis, your clinical team will pass information about you/your child on to the National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Diseases Registration Service (NCARDRS). This helps scientists look for better ways to prevent and treat this condition. You can opt out of the register at any time. Find out more about the register Which of the following is a common symptom in cystic fibrosis?Symptoms of CF
Persistent coughing, at times with phlegm. Frequent lung infections including pneumonia or bronchitis. Wheezing or shortness of breath. Poor growth or weight gain in spite of a good appetite.
What is cystic fibrosis list 3 symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis?Coughing or increased mucus in the sinuses or lungs. Fatigue. Nasal congestion caused by nasal polyps. Repeated episodes of pneumonia (symptoms of pneumonia in someone with cystic fibrosis include fever, increased coughing and shortness of breath, increased mucus, and loss of appetite)
What happens when you have cystic fibrosis?CF causes thick mucus that clogs certain organs, such as the lungs, pancreas, and intestines. This may cause malnutrition, poor growth, frequent respiratory infections, breathing problems, and chronic lung disease. There is no cure for CF.
What is the most common complication of cystic fibrosis?The most serious and common complications of cystic fibrosis are problems with the lungs, also known as pulmonary or respiratory problems, which may include serious lung infections.
Which 2 parts of the body does CF affect the most?Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition that causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system. This causes lung infections and problems with digesting food.
What are two known complications of cystic fibrosis?People with cystic fibrosis can experience complications in the pancreas, liver, and intestines that can lead to malnutrition, constipation, liver disease, and other digestive issues — including abdominal pain and poor appetite.
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Which of the following would you expect to find in a patient with cystic fibrosis?
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