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Terms in this set (81)The adequacy of the __________ that children receive in the middle school years significantly affects their physical, social, and cognitive health. nutrition During middle childhood, children make significant improvements in muscle __________. coordination __________, a chronic condition characterized by attacks of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, affects more than 8 percent of children in the United States. asthma Blindness is visual acuity below __________ after correction. 20/200 Which of the following statements about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true? Medication as well as behavioral therapy can effectively treat ADHD Piaget's concrete operational stage is characterized by the active, appropriate use of __________. logic __________, an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, emerges and improves during middle childhood. metamemory Children's understanding of their own use of language, referred to as __________, is one of the most significant developments in middle childhood. metalinguistic awareness Because they have a wider range of linguistic possibilities to select from, children who are __________ tend to show more cognitive flexibility than their peers. bilingual In Stage __________ reading, which typically occurs around the second or third grades, children learn to read aloud with fluency. 2 People in Kohlberg's level of __________ morality rely upon universal moral principles that are broader than the rules of the particular society in which they live. postconventional According to Carol Gilligan, boys are raised to view morality primarily in terms of broad principles, while girls are raised to regard morality in terms of __________. responsibility to others Which of the following is an effective way to reduce bullying in school? training students to intervene when they witness bullying Which of the following statements about cross-race friendships among middle-school children is true? the number of cross-race friendships decline as children grow older Which of the following is a major challenge of living in a blended family? role ambiguity In the United States, which of the following is a common influence on a child's height? genetic factors After meeting with the school nurse to improve the nutritional quality of his diet, 10-year-old Luis __________. had more energy and stronger social skills Research has found that during middle childhood, __________. boys and girls have similar motor skills Which of the following is an example of fine motor skills? doing paint-by-numbers artwork School-age children are able to consider multiple perspectives, a process called __________. decentering During middle childhood, the capacity of short-term memory, also known as __________, increases significantly. working memory One teaching method derived from Vygotsky's theory that places children in groups so that they can benefit from the insights of their peers is known as __________. cooperative learning Reading Stage 1 largely involves __________. phonological recoding skills Qian's friends wish she had more time to play. After she finishes regular grade school, she goes to a Chinese school. Qian misses playing with her friends, but she likes learning to write Chinese letters—and her mom wants her to __________. maintain a bicultural identity When it comes to intelligence, some people say there is no substitute for experience. Which concept reflects this type of intelligence that increases with experience? crystallized intelligence People who achieve high scores on a traditional IQ test have high levels of the __________ aspect of triarchic intelligence. componential What is the IQ score range for a person diagnosed as having moderate intellectual disability? 40 to 55 The middle childhood period encompasses Erikson's __________ stage of psychosocial development. industry-versus-inferiority Around the age of 12, self-esteem tends to __________. decline According to Kohlberg, children at the __________ stage primarily consider avoiding punishment and receiving rewards in their view of what is moral behavior. preconventional morality The collection of social skills that permits individuals to perform successfully in social settings is known as __________. social competence Younger children are somewhat color-blind in choosing friendships. But by high school, the number of African American children who consider someone of another race to be their best friend drops to __________. 5% __________ children are at risk for lower academic performance, worse health, and higher rates of aggression. poor Secondary sex characteristics are the __________ that do not involve the sex organs directly. visible signs of sexual maturity For most adolescents, the major nutritional issue is __________. consuming a sufficient balance of nutritious foods The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that __________. allows people to think, evaluate, and make complex judgments Addictive drugs are those that __________. produce a biological or psychological dependence The most common STI, the human papilloma virus (HPV), can produce __________. genital warts Developmental researchers agree that in adolescence, people begin to think abstractly. Piaget called this the __________ stage of cognitive development. formal operational According to the information processing perspective, adolescents' improved cognitive abilities are primarily due to __________. advances in memory capacity and perceptual abilities Maggie is a teenager who bought a great new pair of shoes but they were a bit too big for her feet. She constantly worried that everyone was looking at her shoes and noticing this, which is an example of the concept of __________. imaginary audience U.S. students may perform worse academically than students in many other industrialized countries because the United States __________. is more socially diverse According to survey data, young people spend, on average, __________ hours a day using media. 6.5 Because adolescents look at the self from a(n) __________ perspective, they view traits as abstractions rather than concrete entities. psychological According to Erikson, adolescents are in the __________ stage, seeking to discover their individuality and identity. identity-versus-identity-confusion Marcia used Erikson's theory as a springboard, suggesting the identity can be seen in terms of four categories called __________. identity statuses In most families, teenagers' sense of __________ increases gradually over the course of adolescence. autonomy __________ are groups of people with whom one compares oneself. reference groups Maggie experienced menarche at age 12; for her mom, it arrived at age 14. Her grandmother was nearly 16 when it arrived. This pattern is indicative of __________. a secular trend About what percentage of adolescents suffering from anorexia are boys? 10% Hassan's dad cannot figure out why his 16-year-old son is such a knucklehead. He is always trying to skateboard off the roof or race cars on his bicycle. He gets good grades in school. Which of the following explains why Hassan likely does such risky things? immature brain A common reason that adolescents use illegal drugs is to __________. escape from various pressures The percentage of adolescents who contract a sexually transmitted infection before graduating from high school is about __________ percent. 25 Piaget believed that people resolve the formal operational stage by age 15, but some estimates show that only __________ percent of adults are capable of complete formal operational thinking. 25 What of the following statements best characterizes general intelligence during adolescence? it stays stable, but individual mental abilities show dramatic improvement As children progress from elementary school to high school, the impact of low socioeconomic status on their academic performance __________. gets cumulatively worse To obtain the full benefits of the Web, students must obtain the ability to __________. search, choose, and integrate information Thirteen-year-old Leiya loves hanging with her friend Cindy. But sometimes she is not in the mood for Cindy's high energy, and cannot be around her. Leiya wonders if she is a two-faced friend, but this is just a reflection of __________. the growing complexity of her personality Which of the following statements regarding recent research on race and self-esteem is true? a stronger sense of racial identity has raised minority teens' self-esteem Spirituality is __________. a sense of attachment to some higher power, such as God, nature, or something sacred Jackie is eager to maintain, and celebrate, both her Hispanic and Native American roots. Her attitude is an example of the __________. bicultural model Which of the following is cause for added concern about the emotional health of adolescent girls? girls attempt suicide more frequently than boys Which of the following is considered a primary developmental task of adolescence? achieving autonomy Roberta is nervous about starting high school but decides that she is just going to pick the coolest teens and try and follow the norms they set. These "cool teens" are also known as a __________. reference group Which of the following supports a biological basis for homosexuality? the correlation of homosexuality in identical twins The norm that has replaced the double standard is known as __________. permissiveness with affection The greatest physical risk that preschoolers face comes from __________. accidents As children grow, the two halves of the brain become increasingly differentiated and specialized in a process called __________. lateralization Which of the following statements about brain development is true? electrical activity increases during times of rapid development Preschool-age boys typically excel sooner at ________, while girls typically excel sooner at __________. throwing a ball; balancing on one foot By the end of the preschool years, most children show __________, which is a clear preference for using one hand over the other. handedness During the __________ stage, children's use of symbolic thinking grows, mental reasoning emerges, and the use of concepts increases. preoperational Piaget's assumptions about the ability of young children to understand numbers has been challenged by research conducted by __________. gelman Memory of specific events from one's own life, which is called __________, grows increasingly accurate as children age. autobiographical memory The __________ is the level at which a child can almost perform a task independently, but needs the assistance of someone more competent. zone of proximal development The process in which new words are associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter is called __________. fast mapping Upon finding out that his preschool soccer team is going to be wearing pink shirts, Sam tells his brother, "I don't want to turn into a girl." What idea is Sam having a hard time understanding? gender constancy Noah uses blocks to build a long race track for his toy cars. What type of play is he engaging in? constructive Which of the following preschoolers is most likely to do well in their understanding of what is happening during the false belief task? a 4-year-old without autism spectrum disorder __________ behavior is helping behavior that benefits others. prosocial Nonphysical aggression that is employed to hurt another person's feelings is known as __________. relational aggression Other sets by this creatorpsych 240 exam 370 terms emileesarnn psych 240 exam 256 terms emileesarnn hdfs 310 exam 17 terms emileesarnn stats 1 exam32 terms emileesarnn Verified questionsPSYCHOLOGY What errors did von Osten make while testing his hypothesis? Verified answer QUESTION Challenging people's automatic negative thoughts is a key characteristic of the therapy developed by a. Sigmund Freud. b. B. F. Skinner c. Aaron Beck. d. Gordon Allport. e. Carl Rogers. Verified answer PSYCHOLOGY Which of the following is more likely to be emphasized in individualist cultures than in collectivist cultures? a. Gender differences. b. Shared goals. c. Personal achievement. d. Cooperation with the group. e. Preservation of tradition. Verified answer PSYCHOLOGY Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase energy and are released by the a. thyroid glands. b. pituitary gland. c. hypothalamus. d. thalamus. e. adrenal glands. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsStudy for Quiz #327 terms LucyChick Midterm Review Ap Bio (Buck)129 terms Jordan684 Patho test 1 drugs77 terms lpavone CSI104-chap910 terms Thaidepzai Which statement best describes the influence of peers on children's gender behavior?Which statement best describes the influence of peers on gender behavior? Girls were more likely than boys to play in dyads or triads, while boys were more likely to interact in larger groups and seek to attain a group goal.
Which of the following are important functions of peer relationships quizlet?Terms in this set (88) Which of the following are important functions of peer relationships? To provide a source of information and comparison about the world outside the family.
Which of the following is a major influence on a child's selfA major influence on children's self-esteem is the quality of their relationships with others who play an important role in their lives (e.g., parents and other family members, peers, coaches, teach- ers).
What parenting style encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on children's actions multiple choice question?Authoritative parents encourage children to be independent but still place limits on their actions.
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Which statement best describes the influence of peers on childrens gender behavior quizlet?
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