Which are the three different matrix systems discussed in the text? Show
A. B. C. D. E.  Chapter 03 Organization: Structure and Culture Multiple Choice Questions 1. Organizational culture is best explained as organizational A. Personality. B. Hierarchy. C. Reporting relationships. D. Background. E. Management style. 2. Which of the following is NOTtrue of project management structures? A. They provide a framework for launching and implementing projects B. They appropriately balance the needs of both the parent organization and the project C. In selecting a management structure, the culture of the organization is not a huge consideration D. The project itself should be considered when determining which structure is best E. They help determine who has most authority in regard to managing the project 3. All of the following are disadvantages of organizing projects within a matrix arrangement EXCEPT A. Dysfunctional conflict between functional managers and project managers. B. Expensive. C. Infighting. D. Stressful. E. Longer project duration. 4. The structure that manages projects within the existing organizational structure is_____________________ organization.
It is a commonly used when one functional area plays a dominant role in completing the project or has a dominant interest in the success of the project.Functional organizationAdvantages of functional organization- No Change- Flexibility- In-Depth Expertise- Easy Post-Project TransitionDisadvantages of functional organization- Lack of focus- Poor Integration- Slow- Lack of ownershipThese teams operate as separate units from the rest of the parent organizationdedicated project teams/Projectized Organizationnote1:Dedicated project teams have full time project managerAdvantages of Projectized Organization- Simple- Fast- Cohesive- Cross-Functional Integration- Disadvantages of Projectized Organization- Expensive- Internal Strife- Limited technology expertise- Difficult Post-Project TransistionIt is a hybrid organizational form in which a horizontal project management structure is "overlaid" on the normal functional hierarchy.- Matrix ManagementThis form is very similar to a functional approach with the exception that there is formally designated project manager responsible for coordination project activities. Functional managers are responsible for managing their segment of the project- Weak MatrixThis is the classic matrix which the project manager is responsible for defining what needs to be accomplished while the functional managers are concerned with how it will accomplished- Balanced matrix- This form attempts to create the "feel" of a project team within a matrix environment- The project manager controls most aspects of the project- Strong MatrixAdvantages of Matrix Management- Efficient- Strong Project Focus- Easier Post-Project transistionDisadvantages of Matrix Management- Dysfunctional Conflict- Infighting- Stressful- SlowProject consideration- Size of project- Strategic importance- Novelty and need for innovation- Need for integration- Environmental Complexity- Budget and time constraints- Stability of resource requirementsrefers to a system of shared norms, beliefs, values, and assumptions which binds people together, thereby creating shared meaning- Organizational Culture10 Characteristics which capture the essence of an organization's culture- Member Identity- Team Emphasis- Management focus- Unit integration- Control- Risk Tolerance- Reward criteria- Conflict tolerance- Means versus end orientation- Open-Systems focusthe degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole rather than with their type of job or field of professional expertiseMember Identitythe degree to which work activities are organized around groups rather than individualsTeam Emphasisthe degree to which management decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organizationManagement focusthe degree to which units within the organization are encourage to operate in a coordinated or interdependent mannerUnit Integrationthe degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behaviourControlThe degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, inovative and risk seekingRisk Tolerancethe degree to which reward increases are allocated according to employees performance rather seniorityReward criteriathe degree to which employees are encouraged to air conflicts and criticisms openlyconflict tolerancethe degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve those resultsmeans versus end orientationthe degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external envronmentopen-systems focusFunction of organizational culture- Provides a sense of identity- helps legitimize the management system- clarifies and reinforces standards of behaviour-helps create social orderIn which organizational structure does the project manager have the most authority and why?Strong Matrix Structure
Strong matrix organizations are closer to a projectized organization. The project managers have the highest authority, control over the budget, and a full-time team reporting to them.
What differentiates a weak matrix project management structure from a functional project management structure?In a weak matrix the authority of the functional manager predominates and the project manager has indirect authority. In a strong matrix the project manager has broader control and functional departments act as subordinate to the project.
Which of the following is a factor that should influence the choice of project management structure?Its flexibility supports a strong project focus that helps alleviate stress among project team members. At the project level, which of the following is a factor that should influence the choice of project management structure? Organizational culture has a connection to projects.
Which organizational structure or structures do you believe have the best potential for project work why?Matrix structures are very common because they allow managers to make flexible choices with how people spend their time. You'll likely work in a matrix environment at some point in your career. The advantages of this structure are: Resources are used efficiently and can move around between projects as needed.
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Which type of project management structure is used for a project when one functional area plays a dominant role in completing the project?
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