Why are ems professionals required to take body substance isolation (bsi) precautions?

Coming out of 2020 continues to be a challenge for everyone, particularly those of us who are in public safety. Everyone is tired of living, breathing, sleeping and hearing about COVID-19.

Do you know what I’m tired of hearing? Public safety professionals throwing around the phrases “the new norm” and “this is how it’s going to be from now on.” Think about this for a minute: Is it really a new norm? Is what we are doing—in public safety, mind you—really all that new?

The precautions that we now are supposed to take are nothing new. In fact, I can remember as a child, my mother and schoolteacher taught me to wash my hands and cover my mouth when I sneezed or coughed. When I went to EMT school, the instructors taught me to wear gloves, wear eye protection, and even wear a mask and gown when the situation presented the possibility of contamination. (You remember that little thing we always referred to as BSI—Body Substance Isolation?)

Even basic CPR classes taught you to take precautions before you helped someone. So, why has this pandemic caused such an outrage in the public safety sector?

Complacency

In my humble opinion, it isn’t about the politics. It isn’t about the society or the left or the right. It isn’t about racial or economic issues. The problem is that we all have become complacent (OK, most of us, so as not to offend those who actually take precautions). Don’t believe me? Let’s take a look at a typical run.

The call is dispatched, and there is a 75 percent chance that it’s a medical call. Depending on how the call was dispatched and how long the members have been on the job, most are likely to pull up to the scene and put on gloves and, maybe, eye protection. Nothing more.

Almost 30 years ago, when I went through EMT school, they warned us about “breathing calls” and that we needed to take precautions and wear masks to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis. Let me say that again: Almost 30 years ago, they told us to wear masks on calls to protect us from a contagious disease. I can promise you, mine wasn’t the only select group in the country that was taught this. Wearing a mask is nothing new!

Getting back to our typical medial call: The patient is examined. The patient might or might not have been tested or might or might not have shown signs of COVID-19. If no signs of COVID-19 are present, we either turn the patient over to transport or we just return to service. However, are we really sure that the individual doesn’t have coronavirus?

Before we return to the station, how many of us actually decontaminate the equipment that was just used? If it isn’t everyone, we have a problem. I was taught that after every call, the BP cuff, the bag, the stethoscope and all of the reusable equipment should be wiped down. The excuse for not doing that always will be that we don’t have time for decontamination, because too many calls are backing up.

The reality is just that: It’s an excuse. All it takes is a few minutes at most to do a quick wipe down of the basic equipment. Look at the decon that occurs after a major trauma call or a full code in the back of a transport unit. They decon the entire back of the unit. It’s complacency, and we are all guilty of it, myself and my staff included.

The point of this article isn’t to bash ourselves or point out the negatives but to simply remind us all, including myself as a chief, that if we just rely on what we were taught, we will get through pretty much anything that we face.

Training always is the key, and I don’t believe that anyone can argue that point. If we train on the basics and create a firm and solid foundation, our jobs and the service that we provide to our community always will be at their best.

Don’t let the shock and awe of something new (or old) dictate a total collapse of your abilities. Remember, we all are trained professionals. Let it be your training, not the scared masses, that guides you.

Comparative Study

Implementing and evaluating a system of generic infection precautions: body substance isolation

P Lynch et al. Am J Infect Control. 1990 Feb.

Abstract

Body substance isolation (BSI) is a system of infection precautions intended to reduce nosocomial transmission of infectious agents among patients and to reduce the risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and other infectious agents to health care personnel. Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, Wash., was the first facility in the United States to implement the BSI system. Between 1984 and 1988 a systematic evaluation of the implementation process was conducted and the effects of BSI on appropriate glove use by hospital personnel and on the incidence of nosocomial colonization and infection by sentinel organisms was measured. Results of the evaluation showed (1) significant increments in knowledge of infection control procedures and practices as measured by comparing written examination responses before and after training sessions, (2) significant increases in appropriate glove use as determined by direct observation of hospital employees for 18 months, and (3) significant reductions in nosocomial colonization and infection caused by sentinel microorganisms during the period from 1984 to 1988.

Similar articles

  • Universal precautions are not universally followed.

    Courington KR, Patterson SL, Howard RJ. Courington KR, et al. Arch Surg. 1991 Jan;126(1):93-6. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410250099016. Arch Surg. 1991. PMID: 1845930

  • Rethinking the role of isolation practices in the prevention of nosocomial infections.

    Lynch P, Jackson MM, Cummings MJ, Stamm WE. Lynch P, et al. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Aug;107(2):243-6. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-243. Ann Intern Med. 1987. PMID: 3605901

  • Implementing universal body substance precautions.

    Jackson MM. Jackson MM. Occup Med. 1989;4 Suppl:39-44. Occup Med. 1989. PMID: 2545006 No abstract available.

  • The role of barrier precautions in infection control.

    Goldmann DA. Goldmann DA. J Hosp Infect. 1991 Jun;18 Suppl A:515-23. doi: 10.1016/0195-6701(91)90065-g. J Hosp Infect. 1991. PMID: 1679825 Review.

  • Guideline for use of topical antimicrobial agents.

    Larson E. Larson E. Am J Infect Control. 1988 Dec;16(6):253-66. doi: 10.1016/s0196-6553(88)80005-1. Am J Infect Control. 1988. PMID: 2849888 Review.

Cited by

  • A Review on COVID-19 Mediated Impacts and Risk Mitigation Strategies for Dental Health Professionals.

    Sharma S, Parolia A, Kanagasingam S. Sharma S, et al. Eur J Dent. 2020 Dec;14(S 01):S159-S164. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1718240. Epub 2020 Nov 9. Eur J Dent. 2020. PMID: 33167046 Free PMC article.

  • Infection control practice in the operating room: staff adherence to existing policies in a developing country.

    Cawich SO, Tennant IA, McGaw CD, Harding H, Walters CA, Crandon IW. Cawich SO, et al. Perm J. 2013 Summer;17(3):e114-8. doi: 10.7812/TPP/12-093. Perm J. 2013. PMID: 24355900 Free PMC article.

  • Factors influencing nurses' compliance with Standard Precautions in order to avoid occupational exposure to microorganisms: A focus group study.

    Efstathiou G, Papastavrou E, Raftopoulos V, Merkouris A. Efstathiou G, et al. BMC Nurs. 2011 Jan 21;10:1. doi: 10.1186/1472-6955-10-1. BMC Nurs. 2011. PMID: 21255419 Free PMC article.

  • Noninvasive ventilation for patients near the end of life: what do we know and what do we need to know?

    Ehlenbach WJ, Curtis JR. Ehlenbach WJ, et al. Crit Care Med. 2008 Mar;36(3):1003-4. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0B013E318165FD78. Crit Care Med. 2008. PMID: 18431302 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

  • 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings.

    Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L; Health Care Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Siegel JD, et al. Am J Infect Control. 2007 Dec;35(10 Suppl 2):S65-164. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.007. Am J Infect Control. 2007. PMID: 18068815 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Publication types

MeSH terms

How can EMS professionals assess a patient's perfusion?

Assess the patient's perfusion by evaluating skin color, temperature and condition. 1. Perform rapid trauma assessment on patients with significant mechanism of injury to determine life threatening injuries.

Why is it important to determine the total number of ill or injured patients at a scene?

Why is it important to determine the total number of ill or injured patients at a scene? To determine if you need to call for backup or additional support.

What does the EMS professional evaluate during the primary assessment?

The primary assessment as taught to EMS students generally involves some combination of the ABC's, level of consciousness, a general impression of the patient's condition and a definition of treatment priorities for the call.

What is the main goal of the primary assessment?

The primary assessment is intended to assess and intervene rapidly for life-threatening conditions in critically ill or injured patients.