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Contents loading... Editors loading... Categories loading... When refering to evidence in academic writing, you should always try to reference the primary (original) source. That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. Physiopedia articles are best used to find the original sources of information (see the references list at the bottom of the article). If you believe that this Physiopedia article is the primary source for the information you are refering to, you can use the button below to access a related citation statement. Introduction[edit | edit source]Post-operative pulmonary complication is an umbrella term of adverse changes to the respiratory system occurring immediately after surgery.[1] The most common presentations include an altered function of respiratory muscles, reduced lung volume, respiratory failure and atelectasis.[1] Incidence and Impact[edit | edit source]Up to 23% of patient underwent major surgery would suffer from PPCs.[1] In fact, the incidence of PPCs is more common than cardiac complication.[2] With people who sustain PPCs, 14% to 30% die within 30 days after a major surgery compared to only 0.2% to 3% of patient who does not have PPCs. [3][4] In terms of morbidity, PPCs, increases the length of hospital stay by 13 - 17 days.[1] List of PPCs[edit | edit source]
Risk Factors[edit | edit source]There is a range of factors to predict the development of PPCs, which are divided into modifiable and non-modifiable.[1] Non-Modifiable[edit | edit source]
Modifiable[edit | edit source]
PPC and Physiotherapy[edit | edit source]Physiotherapy services are considered preventative measures in different stages of recovery.[1] Preoperative[edit | edit source]Preoperative aerobic exercise and inspiratory muscle training are recommended to reduce PPCs and LOS in cardiac and abdominal surgery patients.[8] It is found that preoperative IMT reduces postoperative atelectasis and pneumonia.[9] Postoperative[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
What should nurses encourage their clients to do after surgery for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications?During the early postanesthesia period, encourage patients to take a slow deep breath, hold it for 2 seconds, then cough a number of times (splinting the incision from beginning to end of expiration if necessary) to adequately clear airway secretions and re-expand the alveolar surface area.
Which nursing intervention would help prevent postoperative atelectasis?Incentive spirometry has been a mainstay of nursing postoperative atelectasis prevention.
Which interventions will help prevent atelectasis postoperatively?Deep breathing exercises and coughing after surgery can reduce your risk of developing atelectasis.
Which action will the nurse implement to meet the goal of preventing atelectasis for a postoperative client?Atelectasis can be prevented or treated by adequate analgesia, incentive spirometry (IS), deep breathing exercises, continuous positive airway pressure, mobilisation of secretions and early ambulation.
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To help the client prevent postoperative pulmonary complications preoperatively, the nurse should:
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