Wer ist oskar schindler

Faktaboks

Oskar Schindler

Født

28. april 1908, Zwittau i Morava, Østerrike-Ungarn, i dag Svitavy i Tsjekkia

Død

9. oktober 1974, Hildesheim, Tyskland

Wer ist oskar schindler

Oskar Schindler etter 1945

Artikkelstart

Oskar Schindler var ein tysk forretningsmann som er mest kjend for å ha redda 1200 jødar frå å bli drepne av nazistane under den andre verdskrigen.

Familiebakgrunn

Schindler voks opp i Svitavy (tysk Zwittau) i ein tysk, katolsk familie. Mora var sterkt religiøs, faren var ikkje like ivrig i å møte opp til gudstenesta. Schindlers far eigde ein fabrikk som produserte landbruksmaskiner. Som sekstenåring byrja han på ei lære hos faren. I 1928 gifta han seg med Emilie Pelzl.

Tidleg karriere

Farens fabrikk gjekk konkurs under krisa på 1930-talet. Schindler hadde ein variert yrkeskarriere før han vart agent for den tyske militære etterretninga, Abwehr, i 1936. 18. juli 1938 vart han arrestert av tsjekkoslovakiske styresmakter sikta for spionasje. Han vart fengsla, men sett fri som ein følgje av München-forliket som vart underteikna i september 1938. Han heldt fram med spionasje til fordel for Tyskland fram til Hitlers invasjon av rest-Tsjekkia i mars 1939. Han var også involvert i etterretningsverksemd i Polen i forkant av Nazi-Tysklands invasjon i september 1939.

Schindler og jødane

I 1935 melde han seg inn i det tysknasjonalistiske partiet Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront, som seinare skifta namn til Sudetendeutsche Partei (SdP). Schindler melde seg inn i NSDAP i 1939. Motivasjonen skal ha vore ønskjet om å profitere økonomisk på partimedlemskapen.

I oktober 1939 flytta han til Krakow i Polen. Der kjøpte han emaljefabrikken Rekord Ltd. Fabrikken hadde tidlegare hatt jødiske eigarar, men var blitt belsaglagt for å seljast vidare til etniske tyskarar. Med utgangspunkt i Rekord Ltd starta han fabrikken Deutsche Emaillewaren Fabrik. Ved hjelp av sine gode kontraktar med Wehrmacht fekk han kontrakt på å produsere emaljegryter for det tyske militæret. Fabrikken brukte jødiske tvangsarbeidarar som arbeidskraft. Schindler brukte ein kombinasjon av gode kontaktar, smiger, diplomati og bestikkelsar til høgtståande personar i den tyske okkupasjonsmakta for å få gjennomslag for måla sine. Han fekk definert produksjonen i fabrikken sin som viktig for krigen, og klarte å hindre deportasjon av sine jødiske tilsette gjennom å hevde at dei spelte ei særskild viktig rolle i produksjonen.

Snart vart Schindlers fremste mål å redde jødar frå nazistanes folkemord. Spesielt etter at han var vitne til nazistanes likvidering av Krakow-ghettoen i 1943, skal den humanitære motivasjonen hans ha blitt den primære. I 1943 vart konsentrasjonsleiren Plasów oppretta like ved Krakow. Leiren var styrt av SS-mannen Amon Göth. Göth ville at jødane som jobba hos Schindler også skulle bu i Plaszów, der fangane levde under grusomme forhold og vart utsett for grov mishandling, vilkårlege drap. Fangane i Plazów vart deportert vidare til dødsleirar.

Schindler klarte å hindre at arbeidarane hans havna i Plazów gjennom å byggje ein eigen leir i tilknyting til fabrikken sin. Schindlers folk fekk mat, skikkelege buforhold og fekk også lov til å ha jødiske religøse seremoniar. Då den sovjetiske hæren nærma seg Krakow hausten 1944, fekk Schindler flytta fabrikken sin til Tsjekkoslovakia. Han tok med seg 1200 jødiske tvangsarbeidarar, som slik vart redda frå deportasjon til nazistanes dødsleirar. Fabrikken i Tsjekkoslovakia produserte ingen varar. Fram mot krigens slutt la Schindler ned ein enorm innsats for å trygge jødande i fabrikken sin. Han sørgja også for at fleire hundre andre jødiske fangar vart sendt som tvangsarbeidarar til Tsjekkoslovakia i staden for å bli deportert til nazistanes dødsleirar.

Etter krigen

Schindler brukte heile formuen han hadde tjent under krigen på å redde jødar. Då freden kom var han blakk. Han gjorde fleire nye forsøk på å lukkast i næringslivet, men klarte aldri å få fotfeste att. Han fekk fleire gongar økonomisk støtte frå jødar han sjølv hadde redda frå Holocaust.

Historia om Schindlers innsats vart kjent gjennom Steven Spielbergs film Schindlers liste frå 1993. I 1963 fekk Schindler prisen Righteous among the Nations, som blir delt ut av det israelske Holocaustmuseet Yad Vashem. Prisen blir delt ut til personar som med fare for eige liv og fridom redda jødar frå Holocaust. Schindler er gravlagt i Jerusalem.

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Kommentarer

Oskar Schindler (1908–1974) was born on April 28, 1908, in Svitavy (Zwittau), Moravia, at that time a province of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. An ethnic German and a Catholic, he remained in Svitavy during the interwar period and held Czech citizenship after Moravia was incorporated into the newly established Czechoslovak Republic in 1918.

After attending a series of trade schools in Brno and marrying Emilie Pelzl in 1928, Schindler held a variety of jobs, including working in his father's farm machinery business in Svitavy, opening a driving school in Sumperk, and selling government property in Brno. He also served in the Czechoslovak army and in 1938 attained the rank of lance corporal in the reserves. Schindler began working with the Amt Auslands/Abwehr (Office of the Military Foreign Intelligence) of the German Armed Forces in 1936. In February 1939, five months after the German annexation of the Sudetenland, he joined the Nazi Party. An opportunist businessman with a taste for the finer things in life, he seemed an unlikely candidate to become a wartime rescuer. During World War II, Schindler would rescue more than 1,000 Jews from deportation to Auschwitz, Nazi Germany's largest camp complex.

Emalia

Wer ist oskar schindler
Following the German invasion and occupation of Poland, Schindler moved to Krakow from Svitavy in October 1939. Taking advantage of the German occupation program to “Aryanize” and “Germanize” Jewish-owned and Polish-owned businesses in the so-called General Government (Generalgouvernement), he bought Rekord Ltd., a Jewish-owned enamelware manufacturer, in November 1939. He converted its plant to establish the Deutsche Emalwarenfabrik Oskar Schindler (German Enamelware Factory Oskar Schindler), also known as Emalia.

Wer ist oskar schindler

While Schindler operated two other factories in Krakow, only at Emalia did he employ Jewish workers who resided in the nearby Krakow ghetto. At its peak strength in 1944, Emalia employed 1,700 workers; at least 1,000 were Jewish forced laborers, whom the Germans had relocated from the Krakow ghetto after its liquidation in March 1943 to the forced labor camp and later concentration camp Krakau-Plaszow.

Although the prisoners deployed at Emalia were still subject to the brutal conditions of the Plaszow concentration camp, Schindler intervened repeatedly on their behalf. He used bribes and personal diplomacy both for the well-being of Jews threatened on an individual basis and to ensure, until late 1944, that the SS did not deport his Jewish workers. In order to claim the Jewish workers to be essential to the war effort, he added an armaments manufacturing division to Emalia. During the liquidation of the Krakow ghetto in March 1943, Schindler allowed his Jewish workers to stay at the factory overnight.

Subcamp of Plaszow

Wer ist oskar schindler
After the SS re-designated Plaszow as a concentration camp in August 1943, Schindler persuaded the SS to convert Emalia into a subcamp of Plaszow. In addition to the approximately 1,000 Jewish forced laborers registered as factory workers, Schindler permitted 450 Jews working in other nearby factories to live at Emalia as well. This saved them from the systematic brutality and arbitrary murder that was part of daily life in Plaszow.

Schindler did not act here without risk or cost. His protection of his Jewish workers and some of his shady business dealings led SS and police authorities to suspect him of corruption and of giving unauthorized aid to Jews. German SS and police officials arrested him three times, while he owned Emalia, but were unable to charge him.

Schindler's List

In October 1944, after the SS transferred the Emalia Jews to Plaszow, Schindler sought and obtained authorization to relocate his plant to Brünnlitz (Brnenec) in Moravia, and reopen it exclusively as an armaments factory. One of his assistants drew several versions of a list of up to 1,200 Jewish prisoners needed to work in the new factory. These lists came to be known collectively as “Schindler's List.” Schindler met the specifications required by the SS to classify Brünnlitz as a subcamp of Gross-Rosen concentration camp and thereby facilitated the survival of around 800 Jewish men whom the SS deported from Plaszow via Gross-Rosen to Brünnlitz and between 300 and 400 Jewish women from Plaszow via Auschwitz.

Though classified as an armaments factory, the Brünnlitz plant produced just one wagonload of live ammunition in just under eight months of operation. By presenting bogus production figures, Schindler justified the existence of the subcamp as an armaments factory. This facilitated the survival of over 1,000 Jews, sparing them the horrors and brutality of conventional camp life. Schindler left Brünnlitz only on May 9, 1945, the day that Soviet troops liberated the camp.

After World War II

After World War II, Schindler and his wife Emilie settled in Regensburg, Germany, until 1949, when they immigrated to Argentina. In 1957, permanently separated but not divorced from Emilie, Schindler returned alone to Germany. Schindler died in Germany, penniless and almost unknown, in October 1974. Many of those whose survival he facilitated—and their descendants—lobbied for and financed the transfer of his body for burial in Israel.

Wer ist oskar schindler
In 1993, Yad Vashem awarded Oskar and Emilie Schindler the title "Righteous Among the Nations" in recognition of their efforts to save Jews during the Holocaust at great personal risk.

Also in 1993, the United States Holocaust Memorial Council posthumously presented the Museum's Medal of Remembrance to Schindler. Rarely presented, this medal honors deserving recipients for extraordinary deeds during the Holocaust and in the cause of Remembrance. Emilie Schindler accepted the medal on behalf of her ex-husband at a ceremony in the Museum's Hall of Remembrance.

Schindler's story garnered more attention thanks to Steven Spielberg's 1993 film Schindler's List, based on a 1983 novel of the same name by Thomas Keneally that recounted Schindler's life and works. The movie received popular and critical acclaim.

Author(s): United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC

Wer lebt noch von Schindlers Liste?

Jerzy Gross (geboren am 16. November 1929 in Krakau; gestorben am 24. Juli 2014 in Köln; Pseudonym Michael Emge) war ein polnisch-deutscher Holocaust-Überlebender. Er war der letzte in Deutschland lebende „Schindlerjude“.

Wer war Oskar Schindler Steckbrief?

Oskar Schindler war ein deutscher Unternehmer. Er wurde im Jahr 1908 in Zwittau geboren. Das lag damals in Österreich-Ungarn und gehört heute zu Tschechien. Während dem Zweiten Weltkrieg rettete er etwa 1.200 Juden das Leben.

Was waren die Ziele von Oskar Schindler?

Im Zuge der systematischen Beseitigung von Juden aus dem Erwerbsleben, der Liquidierung der Ghettos und dem Beginn des NS-Völkermords entschließt sich Schindler, mehr jüdische Arbeiter in der Fabrik zu beschäftigen. Zusammen mit seiner Frau Emilie kümmert er sich um eine bessere Versorgung der Zwangsarbeiter.

Wer stand alles auf Schindlers Liste?

Liste
Name
Geburtsdatum
Beruf
Szyja Abramczyk
15. Sep. 1917
angelernte Metallverarbeiterin
Josef Abusch
28. Okt. 1912
Maler-Lackierergeselle
Emanuel Abzug
10. Feb. 1904
Schreibkraft
Alexander Adler
25. Aug. 1923
angelernter Metallverarbeiter
Liste von „Schindlerjuden“ - Wikipediade.wikipedia.org › wiki › Liste_von_„Schindlerjuden“null

Ist Schindlers Liste eine wahre Geschichte?

Schindlers Liste (Originaltitel: Schindler's List) ist ein US-amerikanischer Spielfilm von 1993, den Steven Spielberg inszeniert und koproduziert hat. Das Drehbuch ist eine Adaption des gleichnamigen Romans von Thomas Keneally, der auf wahren Begebenheiten beruht.

Was hatte Oskar Schindler für eine Firma?

Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik (DEF) Von 1939 bis Ende 1942 war sein Betrieb zu einer Emaille- und Munitionsfabrik gewachsen, die 45.000 m² groß war und fast 800 Arbeitskräfte beschäftigte. Unter diesen waren 370 Juden aus dem Krakauer Ghetto, das im März 1941 errichtet worden war.