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Terms in this set (35)What serious difficulties did the Virginia colonists face from the moment they landed? Disease, especially malaria, killed some and made others too weak to work. Futile searches for gold to pay back London promoters and they wrongly assumed they could rely on Indians for food, so agriculture was a low priority. There were also no women so it was difficult to establish "society". How did the motives of the Virginia colonists differ from those of the separatists who The VA colonists were motivated by money and greed. The separatists wanted to become a close knit Christian community where they could worship and openly spread the gospel. Explain the importance of tobacco in the development of the Virginia colony. Tobacco cultivation created territorial expansion. Tobacco growers needed large areas of farmland to grow crops and tobacco exhausted the soil after only a few years. English farmers began establishing plantations deeper into the interior, which isolated them from Jamestown and encroached them on Indian land. Tobacco also led to the headright system to attract settlers. Planters used indentured servants, but they became expensive and scarce so they began to use Africans. Explain how exchanges of agricultural technology between Europeans and Native Americans helped Jamestown survive. Native agriculture was better adapted to the soil and climate of Virginia. English learned the value of corn (stalks use for sugar/spoiled less) and Indians built successful farms that supported large population. What led to Virginia becoming a royal colony? Suppression of the Powhatan indians led to several conflicts and uprisings. Bankruptcy in VA Co. in London What were the origins of the colony of Maryland? How did Maryland's early development differ from that of Virginia? George Calvert (1st Lord Baltimore) dreamed to establish a colony as real estate venture and retreat for English Catholics who felt suppressed by Anglican establishment in England. When he died, his son Cecilius (2nd Lord Baltimore) received the charter with land and power. Maryland had proprietary rule. It differed from VA because there were no indian assaults, plagues, or starving time. What were the origins of the political turmoil in Virginia during the 1670s? Within the province, factions were emerging to compete for favors from the government. As settlements moved west, frequent border conflicts occurred with the Indians over land and tensions evolved over how to respond to these conflicts. There were also a substantial increase in population in VA, so choice land became scarce, and the English began establishing colonies in areas promised to Indians. How was Bacon's Rebellion related to the political unrest in Virginia, and what effect did the rebellion have on the development of that colony? Bacon had purchased a substantial farm and won a seat on the governor's council. He became a "backcountry gentry." Backcountry settlements were always being threatened by attacks from Indians, since the settlements were being established on their reservation. Bacon was unhappy with governor Berkley because he was excluded from the "inner circle" and not granted part of the fur trade. The rebellion unleashed the potential for instability in the colony's large population of free, landless men. The people of VA realize importance of preventing social unrest from below, so they turned to African slave trade to fulfill the need for labor. Describe the background of the Pilgrims and their motives for coming the America. Pilgrims were puritan separatists who wanted to completely separate from the Church of England. The began quietly immigrating to Holland to worship freely, but were troubled by the tolerant atmosphere of Dutch society. So they decided to move again to the New World. How did the Pilgrims' experience with the Indians differ markedly from that of the settlers in Virginia? The remaining natives were weak from disease so they realized they had to get along with Europeans. Indian friends, Squanto and Samoset, showed Pilgrims how to gather seafood, grow corn, and hunt local animals. Since Squanto could speak English, he helped pilgrims form alliance with Wampanoag How did the turbulent events in England generate interest in colonization among certain English Puritans? What did these Puritans hope to accomplish? They had been periodically imprisoned, and even executed for defying the government and Church of England. They wanted to create close-knit Christian community where they could spread the gospel. How did the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company influence the colony's first government? Among the members of the Mass. Bay Co., a small group emerged that saw this as a business venture. They bought out the other members and appointed John Winthrop as governor. He carried with him the charter of the Company which meant the colonists were responsible not to the Company officials, but to themselves. They transformed themselves into a colonial government. What did the Puritans believe to be their purpose in coming to America (their "mission"), and how did church and state cooperate to achieve this goal? They believed they were a "city upon a hill" to serve as a model for the rest of the world. Ministers had no formal political power, but exerted influence on the church members who were the only people who could vote. The government taxed the people to support the church and enforced laws requiring church attendance. How did the colony of Connecticut originate? Rhode Island? What does this expansion ("exodus") reveal about the colony of Massachusetts Bay? The people arrived in Mass. and did not accept all religious tenets of the leaders, so they left the colony. Thomas Hooker was a minister who defied Mass. government and led his congregation to establish Hartford. Rhode Island originated from the religious and political dissent of Roger Williams, who taught that the Mass. church should be separated completely from the church of England. He also wanted separation of Church and state to protect the church. The colonial government banished him and he sought refuge with the Narragansett tribe where he created Providence. What was the controversy surrounding Anne Hutchinson, and what does it reveal about Puritan religious and social beliefs? She preached that massachusetts clergy had not undergone a conversion, and therefore had no rights to exercise authority over their congregation. Puritans believed women should not be powerful religious figures and that the authority of the clergy should dominate. What factors made relations between Indians and colonists in New England such a disaster for Native Americans? The white people had a constant desire for more land. Overhunting caused food shortages which led to a decrease in population and wild animals disappearing so colonists focused more on raising domesticated livestock, which trampled Indian crops. They viewed Indians as savages that were a threat to their "godly" society, so they wanted to convert them to christianity. What obstacles did the colonists have to overcome if they were to be successful in America? Conflicts with natives over land and learning agricultural techniques. How were the conflicts between natives and settlers affected by earlier exchanges in technology between the English and the tribes? The Indians made use of new weapons (i.e Flintlock Musket) They also used forts. How did the Stuart Restoration affect those colonies already established in America? How did it affect attitudes about founding more settlements? King Charles II tried to unite the colonies, but it didn't work because the colonies were all founded for different reasons and didn't want to be united. They also got unfairly taxed on good. Private companies were no longer interested in launching colonies since they couldn't make a quick profit. Now the goal was permanent settlement. How did the political, economic, social, and religious institutions established in Carolina reflect the proprietors' motives for starting the colony? They wanted a well ordered community, but they were never truly united. What sort of social order took root in the colony of Carolina? Why did it differ from that proposed under Carolina's Fundamental Constitution? The N and S parts were widely separated socially and economically. The North was backwood farmers and didn't develop an aristocracy. The South was filled with fertile lands so the economy was prosperous. The Carolina Fundamental Constitution wanted to create elaborate system of land distribution and social order. How did the existing Dutch settlements and institutions influence the development of New York? Dutch contained diverse population of people from many other countries including Germany, France, and Africa. along with many other religious faiths. What beliefs and practices characterized the Quakers, and how did their influence make Pennsylvania a unique colony? They did not believe in predestination or original sin. They did believe that all people had "inner light" and could attain salvation. They granted women positions within the church and they did not have a church government. William Penn advertised in several languages to attract settlers. Pennsylvania became cosmopolitan and a well known colony. Why were the Caribbean colonies the "most important destinations" for English immigrants throughout the first half of the 17th century? The native population was nearly all wiped out by European epidemics, so Indians were never a significant factor. The English discovered sugar which was lucrative, could be distilled into rum and which was in high demand abroad. What circumstances led to English colonization in the Caribbean? ... What conditions led English planters to begin importing labor to the Caribbean Islands? ... Why did Caribbean planters fear slave revolts? What steps did they take to prevent uprisings? ... Why was it difficult to establish a stable society and culture in the Caribbean colonies? ... Which colonies made up the Spanish borderlands and what sort of people settled there? ... What role did the Spanish borderlands play in Spanish relations with England? ... How did the purposes for which Georgia was founded differ from those of previous colonies? How were they similar? ... What were the middle grounds? Which groups competed for them and what role did competition for this land play in the settlement and development of colonial North ... What were the origins of the Dominion of New England and what was the colonial reaction to it? ... What were the origins of the Dominion of New England and what was the colonial reaction to it? ... What impact did the Glorious Revolution have on England's North American colonies? ... 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Wanted to maintain "holiness" so clergy and government worked together. Minister had great influence on church members = people who could vote or hold office.
What ideals characterized Pennsylvania?What ideals characterized Pennsylvania? They allowed everybody to practice their religion freely.
Which of these practices helped the Quakers build a cohesive community?-- Quaker meetings allowed couples to marry only if they could support a family. -- poor Quakers remained unmarried, wed later in life, or married without permission — in which case they were often ousted from the meeting. -- These marriage rules helped the Quakers build a self-contained and prosperous community.
What did William Penn think would attract new settlers to his colony in Pennsylvania quizlet?What did William Penn think would attract new settlers to his colony in Pennsylvania? The favorable environment and climate.
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What beliefs and practices characterized the Quakers and how did their influence make Pennsylvania a unique colony?
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