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Management Final Terms in this set (249)Groups of people who work together to achieve a set of goals are called a(n): organization The people who work in an organization are considered: resources The measure of how well or how productively an organization uses its resources to achieve a goal is known as: efficiency Organizational performance __________ in direct proportion to __________ in efficiency and effectiveness. increases; increases The essential tasks of management include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling In what order do managers typically perform the managerial functions? Planning, organizing, leading, controlling The process that managers use to select "appropriate" goals for the organization is called: planning When a manager lays out the lines of authority and responsibility between different individuals and groups, the manager is: organizing The employees at Joe's Fish Shack are a hard-working, committed workforce. This can be attributed to Joe's Fish Shack's manager's ability to: lead Abby, the CEO of Little Angel Photography, reviews the performance of her company in the past month's Profit & Loss Statement to determine if the company is on pace to meet the planned sales and profitability goals. This CEO is engaged in which function? Controlling Henry Mintzberg grouped ten kinds of specific managerial roles, or sets of job responsibilities according to whether the responsibility was primarily: decisional, interpersonal, or informational The CEO of BP is taking responsibility for correcting an environmental problem that has been created by his company. This manager is acting in the _______ role. disturbance handler Which level of management is responsible for finding the best way to organize human and other resources to achieve organizational goals? Middle managers The ability to understand, lead, and control the behavior of other workers is a(n) ________ skill. human Bob was recently promoted to the engineering manager position because of his knowledge and ability to perform all the functions required in the engineering department. Bob was promoted because of his ______ skill. technical TWA allows the agent-in-charge at the gate to decide whether to give out a "free ticket" to some passengers when a flight is overbooked. This is an example of: empowerment A group of employees who assume collective responsibility for organizing, controlling, and supervising their own work activities is known as a: self-managed team At Qualico, workers are organized into quality control teams and are given the responsibility of continuously improving their performance. This is an example of: TQM F.W. Taylor founded the early study of management thought which became known as Scientific management Early "time-and-motion" studies were an important part of the work of: F.W. Taylor What is the process by which a division of labor occurs as different workers specialize in tasks? Job specialization The Gilbreths are best known for their studies of: Fatigue The power to hold workers accountable for their actions and to make decisions about the use of organizational resources is known as: Authority Unwritten, informal codes of conduct which prescribe how workers should act in specific work situations are known as: Norms A public works department's employee manual states that standard practice is that all employees working along the roadway should wear a "reflective vest" at all times. This is an example of: A rule "Informal authority" can result from all the following EXCEPT: Hierarchical authority What principle specifies that an employee should report to only one superior? Unity of command When authority is concentrated at the top of the organizational chart instead of being distributed throughout the management hierarchy, we say that __________ has occurred. Centralization What are the contributions of Mary Parker Follett? Managers should act as coaches, not monitors The research studies which experimented with different levels of lighting and its impact on worker performance and fatigue are known as: The Hawthorne studies The study of the factors that have an impact on how workers respond to one another within organizations is known as: Organizational behavior Managers who accept Theory Y: Create a work setting that encourages commitment The management theory that focuses on the use of rigorous, quantitative techniques that are intended to assist managers to make the best use of organizational resources is called: Management science theory
A system which takes resources from its external environment and converts them into goods that are then sent back into that environment is known as: An open system The concept that: "There is no one best way to manage" is a fundamental premise in: Contingency theory Apple's external environment is changing rapidly and it responds by decentralizing decisions to lower-level managers so that the organization can react faster. Apple is said to be organized under: An organic structure People who tend to be sociable, outgoing, and friendly are frequently referred to as: Extraverts The tendency of a person to be careful and persevering in work-related tasks is known as: Conscientiousness As a manager, Donna is known in the company as a risk-taker and an innovator. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about her? She is high on openness to experience. Managers who believe that they are largely responsible for their own fate are said to be high in: Internal locus of control. People who believe that forces outside of their control are largely responsible for what happens to them are said to be high in: External locus of control According to McClelland, the extent to which a person has a strong desire to do challenging tasks and to meet personal standards of excellence is known as: The need for achievement According to McClelland, the extent to which a person is concerned with being liked and having others get along well with one another is called: The need for affiliation According to McClelland, the extent to which a person has a strong desire to control and to influence others is known as: The need for power Which of the following would NOT affect the levels of job satisfaction in a country? Climate What is the ability to understand and manage one's own moods and emotions and the moods and emotions of other people? Emotional intelligence An organization's culture is most like its: Personality All of the following factors maintain and transmit the organizational culture: Values of the founder At Texas A&M University, for example, all new students are encouraged to go to "Fish Camp" to learn how to be an "Aggie". This is an example of organizational: Socialization A new employee or "cast member" at Disney is required to attend Disney University. This is Disney's attempt at: Rite of
passage Managers make decisions when they are involved in which managerial function? Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling When the paper supply reaches a minimum level, Ethan makes a call to the supplier to order more paper. What type of decision does this represent? Programmed decisions
In the classical model of decision-making, the most appropriate decision given the likely future consequences to the organization is known as the ____________ decision. Intuitive What assumption is made by the classical model? Managers have access to all the information they need In the administrative model of decision making, when the number of possible alternatives to a decision is so large that the manager cannot possibly evaluate all of them before making a decision, this is called: Bounded
rationality Because the radio station's special rate program was about to expire, Tim proceeded with his promotional campaign even though he didn't have all the information he needed. Tim's information was incomplete because of: A time constraint What do managers do when they search for and choose acceptable, or satisfactory, ways to respond to problems and opportunities rather than trying to make the optimal decision? Satisfice In managerial decision-making, "rules of thumb" that are useful to managers because they simplify the decision-making process are called: Heuristics What cognitive bias results from overestimating one's own ability to influence actions and events? Illusion of control Having committed large amounts of manpower and money to his landscaping business, Tony continues to keep the business running even though the financial reports show the business is failing. What is the source of Tony's cognitive bias? Escalating commitment
What are the advantages of group decision making? Managers can draw on the combined skills A member of a group challenges the decision toward which the group is leaning so that the group considers carefully all of the unacceptable possible outcomes of the alternative that the group is considering. This is known as: Devil's advocacy An organization in which managers do all that they can to maximize the ability of subordinates to think creatively so as to maximize the potential for organizational learning is called: A learning organization What is the decision-making technique in which group members write down ideas and solutions, read their suggestions to the whole group, and discuss and then rank the alternatives? Nominal group technique In a ______________, a group of ______ are deliberately separated from the normal operation of the organization. Skunkworks; intrapreneurs The cluster of decisions that managers make to assist an organization to achieve its goals is known as: Strategy A broad statement of an organization's purpose, products, and customer base that differentiate an organization from its competitors is known as a: Mission statement Along with the need for unity, continuity and accuracy, what else did Fayol emphasize in the planning process? Flexibility A functional-level plan states the goals that the managers of each function will pursue to help their division attain its ______ goals, which, in turn, will allow the entire company to achieve its ______ goals. Business-level; corporate Because of the hostile external environment, RST Consulting treats its multiyear corporate-level plan as a ______ plan in order to maintain flexibility without losing sight of the need to plan for the long term. Rolling
What type of plan enables managers to make midcourse corrections if environmental changes warrant or to change the thrust of the plan altogether if it no longer seems appropriate? A rolling plan What type of plans are developed to handle nonprogrammed decision making in unusual or one-of-a-kind situations? Single-use A formal, written guide to action for managers in an organization is known as: A rule A written set of instructions which describes the series of actions that a manager should take in a specific situation is known as: A standard operating procedure Another name for contingency planning is: Scenario
planning To determine an organization's mission managers must first: Define its business Organizational strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) are ______ and environmental opportunities (O) and threats (T) are ______. Internal, external Tim's Tropical Treats' competitive advantage is achieved by keeping production costs per unit below those of its competitors. Tim's Tropical Treats uses which type of strategy? Low-cost strategy PepsiCo purchased KFC so that it could replace Coke products with Pepsi products in KFC restaurants. This was an example of: Vertical integration When General Electric Company expanded its operations by acquiring NBC television, this was an example of which type of strategy? Unrelated Diversification When PepsiCo purchased Frito-Lay and expanded its operations into the snack-food business, this was an example of which type of strategy? Diversification Allowing a foreign organization to take charge of manufacturing and distributing a product in its country or world region in return for a negotiated fee is referred to as: Licensing What is a strategic alliance among two or more companies that agree to jointly establish and share the ownership of a new business? Joint venture All of the following are ways to create a competitive advantage Improve quality The development of a set of functional-level strategies to increase the performance of the operating system a company uses to transform inputs into finished goods and services is known as: Value chain management Dan, the president of Missouri Bank, originates a loan for a customer. Dan is carrying out the ______ function. Production Southwest's convenience comes from: Its scheduling multiple flights every day between its popular locations
__________ means producing goods and services with superior design, features, reliability, and after-sales support. Quality Total Quality Management (TQM) will do little to improve the performance of an organization unless ______ embrace it. All employees According to TQM philosophy, the ________, not the ________, define what quality is. Customers; managers The stock of raw materials, inputs, and component parts that an organization has on hand at a particular time is called: Inventory The goal of Six Sigma is to improve a company's quality to only ______ defects per million by systematically altering the way all the processes involved in value chain activities are performed. Three ___________ is a measure of the amount of inputs used to produce a given amount of outputs. Efficiency In a __________, machines are organized so that each operation needed to manufacture a product or process is performed at workstations arranged in a fixed sequence. Product layout Increasingly, self-managed teams are using ____________, in which different teams assemble each component part and then send those parts to a final assembly team. Fixed-position
layout It follows that if setup times for complex production equipment can be ______, so can setup costs, and efficiency will ______; that is, the time that plant and employees spend in actually producing something will ______.
Reduced; rise; increase The typical self-managed team consists of _________. 5-15 employees The use of empowered self-managed teams can increase productivity and efficiency because people often respond well to greater: Autonomy and responsibility The management of the value-chain activities that bring new products or services to market is called _______________. Product development Successful product development requires inputs from: Employees, customers, and suppliers A ______ strategy that is aimed at driving down costs in all functions usually fares best in a more ______ structure with more conservative norms. Low-cost; formal The process by which managers decide how to organize the tasks that workers need to do into the jobs that are needed to produce the organization's goods or services is known as: Job design Noticing that his technician was getting bored simply changing oil, Kevin assigned him the additional duty of fixing tires. This is an example of: Job enlargement When a manager redesigns the job of a subordinate so that the subordinate has more responsibility over his or her job, this is called: Job enrichment The degree to which a manager feels that his or her job is "meaningful" because of the way in which the job affects other people is known as: Task significance The degree to which a job allows the worker to schedule the tasks of the job and to decide how to carry out these tasks is known as: Autonomy The extent to which a job gives the worker direct and clear information about how well the worker is performing the job is known as: Feedback According to Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristics Theory, the __________ workers feel that their work is meaningful and that they are responsible for the work outcomes, the __________ motivating the work becomes and the __________ likely the worker is to be satisfied by the work. More; more; more Andy, the CEO for ABC Inc., structured his organization according to the product lines offered. What type of structure is the organization using? Product structure In which type of organizational design are employees correctly referred to as "two-boss employees"? Matrix structure The number of subordinates who report directly to a manager is known as what aspect of that manager's responsibility? Span of control Giving lower-level managers and nonmanagerial employees the right to make important decisions about how to use organizational resources is referred to as: Decentralizing Authority A committee of managers from different functions or divisions is formed to solve a specific, mutual problem. What they established is called: A task force The shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, and norms that influence how members of an organization relate to one another and cooperate to achieve organizational goals is referred to as: Organizational culture At the __________ stage of the process of transforming raw materials into finished goods, managers typically use __________ control procedures to anticipate problems before they occur. input; feedforward At the __________ stage of the process of transforming raw materials into finished goods, managers typically use __________ control procedures to obtain immediate feedback about how efficiently the raw materials are being transformed into finished goods. conversion; concurrent At the __________ stage of transforming raw materials into finished goods, managers typically use __________ control methods to determine customers' reactions to the organization's goods and services. output; feedback Top managers are most concerned with overall organizational performance and use various financial measures to evaluate it. The most common include all EXCEPT: Cash flow ratios Inventory turnover is a type of: Activity ratios All of the following are problems associated with direct supervision EXCEPT: Personal involvement with subordinates In MBO: Managers and subordinates set goals together ___________ guide behavior and specify what an employee should do when they confront a problem that needs a solution. Rules and SOPs, but not
goals Too much ______ can actually ______ the level of learning taking place in an organization and get the organization off track if managers and workers focus on the wrong issues. standardization; reduce The set of values, norms, and expectations of behavior which control the ways in which workers interact with one another within the organization is known as: Organizational culture Which theory deals with understanding organizational change? Lewin's Force-Field Theory The component of an HRM system that focuses on attempting to attract and to hire employees who have the abilities and experiences to help the organization to achieve its goals is known as: Recruitment and selection When pay is linked to performance, __________ employees are more likely to stay with the organization and managers are __________ likely to be able to fill open positions with highly talented employees. high-performing; more In the U.S., which of the following laws requires male and female employees to be paid equally if they perform "equal work?" Equal Pay Act Family and Medical Leave Act requires that employers provide ______ of unpaid leave for medical and family reasons. 12 weeks The set of activities in which managers engage to develop a pool of qualified candidates for open positions is known as: Recruitment At the beginning of each fiscal year, Bob goes through various activities to forecast his current and future human resource needs. Bob is engaged in: Human resource planning Instead of hiring an accountant, Johnson and Stevenson LLC decided to contract with a local accounting firm for their tax accounting needs. The process is known as: Outsourcing The process of identifying the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that make up a job and the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform the job is known as: A job analysis A written summary of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that are needed to perform a specific job is known as: The job specifications When Joe was looking to fill a vacancy on his shift, he made sure to tell all potential applicants about the advantages of the position as well as the potential dangers associated with the position. Joe's assessment of the position is referred to as: RJP During the interview process, Tim deliberately asked all the applicants the same set of questions. What type of interview did Tim use? Structured When Mary went in for her job interview, the process seemed more like a conversation without a fixed set of questions. What type of interview did Mary experience? Unstructured Tests that measure the personal characteristics of job applicants that are relevant to successful performance on the job are known as: Personality tests Ford Motor Co. tests applicants for assembly-line positions to determine their reading and mathematical skills in order to determine if they have the mental abilities necessary to do these types of jobs. What type of screening procedure is being used? Ability tests Chrysler Corp. tests applicants for autoworker positions on their mechanical dexterity in an attempt to determine if they have the capability of performing an assembly-line job. This is an example of: Physical ability testing Prior to being offered a top-level managerial position with OceanReef Consulting, Scott had to spend a few days at an assessment center where he was evaluated on his problem-solving, organizational, communication, and conflict resolution skills. This is an example of: A performance test The degree to which a test generates a similar score each time it is administered to a job applicant is known as the __________ of the test. reliability The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure is called the __________ of the test. validity Before creating training and development programs, managers should perform a ______ to determine which employees need training or development and what type of skills or knowledge they need to acquire. needs
assessment ______ appraisals assess what workers are like, ______ appraisals assess what workers do. trait; behavior Pat, a supervisor, evaluates the performance of his subordinates on scales on a form provided by the Human Resources department. The scales ask Pat to rate the performance of a nurse on "following doctors' orders" from "almost never" to "almost always". Pat's organization is using: BOS
The arrangement of jobs into categories reflecting their relative importance to the organization and its goals, level of skills required, and other characteristics is called: Pay structure Because not everybody's needs are the same, some organizations let employees pick and choose the benefits they want. This is known as a: Cafeteria style benefit plan The act that made it legal for workers to organize into unions was the: National Labor Relations Act Negotiation between labor unions and managers to resolve conflicts and disputes about important issues such as working hours, wages, working conditions, and job security is called: Collective bargaining How hard an employee works on the job is referred to as: Effort The degree to which an employee keeps trying when faced with obstacles to the accomplishment of a goal is referred to as: Persistence A college professor who does her job well because she enjoys seeing students grow and learn is said to be: Intrinsically
motivated All of the following are likely examples of intrinsic motivators EXCEPT: Praise All of the following are likely examples of extrinsic motivators EXCEPT: Autonomy One of the following theories specifically postulates that motivation of employees will be high when employees believe that a high level of effort on their part will lead to high performance on their part, but only when they believe that high performance leads to their attainment of outcomes that they desire (e.g. higher pay, promotion, etc.). Which theory does this? Expectancy theory An employee's perception of the extent to which his performance at a given level will result in outcomes he desires is known as: Instrumentality The desirability to an employee of each of the outcomes available from the employee's job or organization is known as: Valence Which of the following motivators is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy? Physiological In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, needs that are related to the nature of the work itself and the degree of challenge contained in the work are known as: Motivator needs A high ______ may not always be desirable in managers and other leaders because it might lead them to try too hard to be liked by others. need for affiliation The theory of motivation that focuses on the people's perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work inputs is known as: Equity theory Julia perceives that she is working harder and being paid less than a number of her coworkers. Julia is likely to: Be absent more The most motivating goals are: Goal-setting theory suggests that to stimulate high motivation and performance, goals must be specific and difficult. Which of the following theories describes how employees learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences, and to avoid behaviors that lead to undesired consequences? Operant conditioning theory A manager removes a positive reinforcement in order to change the behavior of a subordinate. This is called: Extinction Negative reinforcement involves __________ negative consequences when functional behaviors are performed and punishment involves __________ negative consequences when dysfunctional behaviors are performed. removing;
administering A compensation plan basing pay on performance is often called: Merit pay When an organization bases employees' pay on the number of units each employee produces, they are using a: Piece-rate plan Which plan focuses on reducing expenses or cutting costs; members of an organization are motivated to come up with and implement cost-cutting strategies because a percentage of the cost savings achieved during a specified time is distributed to the employees? A Scanlon plan The process by which one person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities is known as: Leadership What type of leaders share power with followers and strive to ensure that followers' most important needs are met, they are able to develop as individuals, and their well-being is enhanced, and that attention is paid to those who are least well-off in a society? Servant The ability of a leader to get others to act in certain ways is known as that leader's: Power Which type of power is based on the specialized knowledge and skills of the leader? Expert
power The power of a leader that comes from the respect and loyalty of subordinates is known as: Referent power
Which model of leadership is based on the premise that effective leaders possess personal qualities that set them apart from ineffective leaders? Trait model When a leader shows trust for a subordinate, this is known as which type of behavior? Consideration When a leader assigns work to a subordinate, this is an example of which type of behavior? Initiating structure Path-goal theory is based on: Expectancy theory Which of the following is NOT a potential leadership substitute? Ambiguous, novel situations During each performance appraisal, Jeanie very carefully explains to her subordinates just how important their jobs are to the company and that their jobs are instrumental in the company reaching its goals. Jeanie is practicing: Transformational leadership Managers that make their subordinates aware of the subordinates' own needs for personal growth, development, and accomplishment are _______ leaders. developmental Leaders who are high on ______ are more likely to understand all the emotions surrounding creative endeavors, to be able to awaken and support the creative pursuits of their followers, and to provide the kind of support that enables creativity to flourish in organizations. emotional intelligence In terms of group performance, the idea that "The whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts," is the fundamental point in the concept of: Synergy Groups established by managers to attain organizational goals are called: Formal groups Five members of the marketing division put together a bowling team and compete every Friday night. This is an example of which type of group? An informal group The CEO of ABC Company forms a top-management team to develop the strategic marketing plan for the organization and selects as members those managers who possess very different expertise, skills, knowledge, and experience. We say that this group has been formed to be consistent with the principle of: Diversity A group of managers works very hard to be sure that they agree on important issues instead of working toward an accurate assessment of the situation. We say that this group suffers from: Groupthink Another name for a task force is: An ad hoc committee Task forces that are relatively permanent are referred to as: Standing committees Informal groups composed of employees who enjoy one another's company and socialize with one another are called: Friendship groups are informal groups composed of employees who enjoy one another's company and socialize with one another. As task interdependence _________, group members need to interact __________ frequently and their efforts need to be __________ closely coordinated if the group is to perform at a high level. Increases; more; more When group members make separate, independent contributions to group performance, this is known as: Pooled task interdependence When the members of a group must perform their tasks in a specific order, this is known as: Sequential task interdependence When Ken, the manager of Transporters Inc., put together a new marketing team, he appointed Kyle to lead the team. Kyle is the: Formal leader The members of a particular group are getting to know one another and attempting to reach an understanding of how each of them should act within the group. This stage of group development is known as: Forming Arguments regarding who is going to be the leader or who is going to be the scribe are occurring. This stage of group development is known as: Storming The members of a cross-functional team have an informal agreement that whenever a team member goes out of town on business, that team member will leave a phone number where he can be reached by the other members of the team. This arrangement is known as: A group norm According to research findings, when group cohesiveness is _________, the members of the group strongly __________ their group membership and have a _________ desire to remain a member of the group. High; value; strong Judy is a new member of the R&D group. Her manager has noticed that her output has dropped significantly from when she worked on her own. Judy may be demonstrating: Social loafing _____ are rules of thumb used to simplify decision making Heuristics
______ errors are mistakes that people make over and over and that result in poor decision making systematic Decision makers who seek out information to support their prior beliefs and ignore contradictory information make decisions based on _______ bias. Prior-hypothesis When managers expect all future similar situations to fail due to generalizing from a small sample or even from a single vivid event or episode, they are demonstrating _____ bias. Representativeness There are ____ basic strategies for managing conflict. Five Just before Maxine's scheduled 2-week vacation, May, who worked weekends and some evenings, needed emergency surgery. Maxine did not want to postpone her vacation and tried to convince the office manager to hire a temporary worker. However, there was not enough time to get one. After several rounds of discussion, Mary agreed to postpone her vacation in return for 2 extra vacation days and the manager would get a temporary worker in as soon as possible. This is an example of _______. Compromise. _____ is usually used when one party has more power than the other and is willing to pursue goal attainment at the expense of the weaker party. Accommodation ______ is a conflict-handling strategy in which the parties try to ignore the problem and do nothing to resolve their differences. Avoidance _____ actually can increase the level of conflict as one party attempts to outmaneuver the other. Competition Both holly and kris want this year's star college recruit for their departments. They do not want to enter into destructive competition for this recruit. Instead they discuss other ways of settling the conflict. They decide to cross-train the recruit in both of their departments and then in the future assign the recruit to projects that need expertise from both of their departments. This is an example of ______ as a method of conflict management. Collaboration Organizational ______ provides the second foundation of organizational architecture. Control _______ are formal target-setting, monitoring, evaluation, and feedback systems that managers with information about whether the organization's strategy and structure are working efficiently and effectively. Control systems A manager is able to view, in real time, the packing procedures being used by factory workers. As a result, the manager notes immediately when a new worker consistently is using incorrect packing materials which could results in breakage during shipment. concurrent Machines that discard cereal boxes that don't weigh enough is an example of a ______ control; inspections of raw materials is a ______ control; and a process for ranking the severity of frequency of customer complaints is a _______ control. Concurrent; feedforward; feedback Planning a _____ strategy involves choosing which industries and countries a company should invest its resources to achieve its mission and goals. corporate-level When an organization adopts ______ as its corporate strategy, it reinvests its profits to strengthen its competitive position in its current industry. Concentration on a single industry. Which of the following is not one of the four main stages in a typical raw material to customer value chain? Product design Managers pursing a strategy of ______ acquire companies in industries related to their current industry. They are seeking to use their existing skills and resources to create synergies between divisions in order to add value to new products and businesses and improve their competitive position. Related diversification Entering a new industry or buying a company in a new industry that is not related in any way to organization's current businesses or industries is referred to as Unrelated diversification A company that expands its business operations into a new industry that provides the materials it needs to produce its goods or services is engaging in backward vertical integration Fayol felt that _____ command, when two managers give order to the same worker, should be avoided except in exceptional circumstances. dual Joanna takes her subordinates out for lunch once a month and also encourages them to stop by and talk to her any time about anything. She is working to build ______ within her work group. espirit de corps Fayol recommended the use of organizational charts to show the position and duties for each employee and to indicate positions they might move into in the future. He thought that in this way managers could implement his principal of _______. order ______ refers to the ability of workers to act on their own without direction from a superior. Initiative. when authority is ________, only managers at the top make important decisions, and subordinates simply follow orders. centralized. ________ refers to the chain of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization. Line of authority In advanced western countries such as the United States, large inequalities between citizens are not allowed to develop, and the government uses taxation and social welfare programs to reduce inequality. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, the U.S. likely has a ________ culture. low power distance Prohibitions against theft, adultery, and incest are examples of mores A violation of ______ is not a serious or moral matter. A person who violates one of these codes or conduct is just thought to be eccentric or ill-mannered, not evil or bad. folkways In which the goal of the group is paramount and people are judged according to their contribution to their group. Hofstede's national culture dimension of collectivism According to Hofstede's model of national culture, assertiveness, success, and competition are characteristics of the United States. The U.S. is likely a culture with an achievement orientation ______ is the worldview that values subordination of the individual to the goals of the group and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their contribution to the group. collectivism ______ is intended to help managers with two of their crucial functions, organizing and controlling, and is made up of the organizational structure, culture, control systems, and human resource management systems Organizational architecture
job ______, establishing an appropriate division of labor among employees, is a critical part of the organizing process and vital to increasing efficiency and effectiveness. design When managers engage in job _____, they reduce the number of tasks performed by individual workers. simplification Job _____ leads people to behave flexibly by increasing the number of different tasks they perform, whereas job _______ encourages rigid and mechanical behavior. enlargement; simplification job ______ involves increasing the degree or responsibility a worker has over his or her job. Enrichment In the job characteristics model, skill variety, task identity, and task significance lead to _______, while autonomy results in _______. Experienced meaningfulness of work; experienced responsibility for work outcomes. ______ Justice is a moral principal calling for fair allocation of pay, promotions, and other organizational resources based on meaningful contributions that individuals have made, not on personal characteristics. Distributive ______ is the process through which people select, organize, and interpret sensory input. Perception Managers who allow ______ to influence their judgement assume erroneously that a person possess a whole host of characteristics simply because the person happens to be an Asian woman, a white man, a lesbian, or a member of a certain generation. Stereotypes. People who tend to perceive others by using expectations or preconceived notions contained in their schemas In one company, managers were accused of ______ because they gave African American employees lower-paying jobs. Overt discrimination Which of the following is not a decisionl role? Disseminator Jerry always pays close attention monitor A manager who motivates employees to work hard to achieve the organization's goals is acting as a _____. Leader The three informational roles are ______. Monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson _________ sexual harassment occurs when an employee is asked or forced to perform sexual favors in exchange for receiving some reward or avoiding negative consequences. Quid pro quo. ________ sexual harassment occurs through the telling of lewd jokes, displaying pornography, making sexually oriented remarks about someone's personal appearance Hostile work environment Sets with similar termsMGT 101 Practice 1120 terms hocbai009 Management Final132 terms kellie_anderson8 MGT 300 Test #2113 terms FallonNelson8 Management Test90 terms kellie_anderson8 Sets found in the same folderCh 1 MGT48 terms haileywills Quiz 13 Questions34 terms tjdrogo Management189 terms diane_weatherup Management, 3e (Hitt) Chapter 8 Leadership89 terms mcpena Other sets by this creatorWorld Lit Exam 3 (Canterbury Tales)16 terms acb0202 World Lit Exam 3 (The Decameron)4 terms acb0202 World Lit Exam 3 (Inferno)31 terms acb0202 Exam 3 World Lit (Beowulf)31 terms acb0202 Other Quizlet setsSec Plus134 terms yyaseminn AP Art History Free Response Questions10 terms cKristenc Honors Seminar Exam207 terms jordan_miller636 Social Psychology Chapter 437 terms Yasmine_May Related questionsQUESTION t or f Aggressiveness is one of the seven primary characteristics of organizational culture that capture the essence of an organization's culture. It indicates the degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks. 8 answers QUESTION The Plan Stakeholder Management process belongs to which Process Group? 15 answers QUESTION what are the occupations exempt from minimum wage and overtime requirements? 15 answers QUESTION describe the general aim of the human relations movement, and explain the circumstances in which it arose 13 answers What is organizational coordination?The process by which the organizational management brings unity of action in the organization is called the coordination process.
What is being defined as people who coordinate and oversee the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished?Manager: someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
How do organizations coordinate activities?Direct Contact: One of the most effective means of achieving coordination is direct contact. Written communication, modern electronic, mechanical devices, etc., can also be used. 2. Group Meetings: Group meetings are said to be an effective means of achieving coordination.
What is a collection of people who work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a wide variety of goals?An organization is a collection of people who work together to achieve a wide variety of goals, both goals of the various individuals in the organization and goals of the organization as a whole. Organizations exist to provide goods and services that people want.
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What is the name for the way people report to one another or coordinate their efforts in accomplishing the work of the organization?
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