How can an understanding of consumer personality and emotion be used in marketing practice?

Creativity is just as valuable in marketing as in any other field or industry. The creative placement of advertisements, the arrangement of displays, the words they do and do not use — marketers trying to decide the best way to sell their product or service consider each of these and more. Good creative marketing will catch the eye and capture the imagination to persuade consumers that they need what the marketing team is selling.

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Consumer Behavior Concepts
1. Theory of Reasoned Action
2. Engel Kollat Blackwell Model
3. Motivation-Need Theory
4. Hawkins Stern Impulse Buying
5. Theory of Buyer Behavior
Bring Together Marketing and Business with a Smart Education
Recommended Readings
How is the personality of a consumer important for a marketer?
How can the knowledge of personality be used to develop marketing strategy?
How is personality used in marketing?
How can audience and consumer psychology be used in marketing?

Using scientific insights, marketers are able to continuously refine their strategies and nail down the best methods for utilizing consumer behavior theories that address the factors that influence the purchasing decisions of both groups and individuals. Through understanding the use of emotions, attitudes, and the role of object utility, a marketing campaign’s effectiveness is theoretically limitless.

To determine consumer behavior, marketers are constantly trying to refine and master the art of their craft for maximum sales potential. Improvement of one’s skills and knowledge can receive an impressive boost through a well-refined, business-centric education, such as a Master of Business Administration online degree program.

Consumer Behavior Concepts

Marketers may spend significant time trying to parse the thoughts, patterns, and behaviors of consumers. The better they understand their target audience, the more they can cater to that audience’s wants and needs. Over the years, many people have invented theories to try and streamline what they believe explains these behaviors.

1. Theory of Reasoned Action

Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen originally conceived the theory of reasoned action: a consumer behavior theory that focuses on the relationship between marketing and the preexisting attitudes consumers bring to their purchasing decisions.

According to the theory of reasoned action, consumers act on behaviors that they believe will create or receive a particular outcome, familiar or otherwise. As such, rational decision-making is the chief element of what drives consumers to make purchases.

This consumer behavior concept leans on the significance of specificity over obtuseness. In other words, a consumer may only take a specific action when given a reason to believe there’ll be a specific desired result. From the time the consumer decides to move forward with a decision to the moment the action is finished, the consumer can change their mind or select a different course of action.

This has led marketers to several insights, the first being how they must associate a purchase with a specific positive result. For example, AXE markets its body spray products in such a way that all who use them might believe they have improved desirability with women. The theory then emphasizes the importance of moving consumers through the sales pipeline, rather than keeping them idle, where they might have an opportunity to talk themselves out of a purchase or decide to spend their money on a competing brand.

2. Engel Kollat Blackwell Model

The Engel Kollat Blackwell (EKB) Model is a natural evolution of the ideas found in the theory of reasoned action. This theory of buyer behavior operates on a four-phase process that influences how consumers make purchasing decisions: input, processing information, decision stages, and variables in the decision-making process.

Input is the first phase, which is simply the stage when consumers take in the most marketing materials either through billboards, online advertisements, or in-person displays. Through the data collected in these materials, they graduate to information processing, during which they combine that input with experience and expectations to make the best decision for their current circumstances. Rational insight leads them to the next step, which is where they actually make a purchasing decision based on the information they collected.

The decision process also has five phases: recognition of need, information searching, evaluating alternatives, purchasing (or choosing), and post-purchase outcomes.

During the initial information stage of the EKB model of consumer behavior theory, input is the most valuable. Consumers receive enough information about the product or service to easily recall or turn to the company’s products for future needs, and again during the external influence phase. One industry that has a good grasp of this sequence is the lifestyle industry, where brands know exactly how to market their products to trigger a desire in the consumer, usually so they look, smell, or feel better than they would if they used competing brands.

3. Motivation-Need Theory

In 1943, the broader psychological community felt the impact of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: a theory that insists that individuals act to satisfy and fulfill their needs based on a system of five priorities of increasing importance — physiological survival, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.

Maslow’s theory was used across business and marketing classes to explain why consumer-tailored marketing messages were critical to sales success. By appealing to consumers in a way that relates to their level of need, marketing campaigns could prioritize purchases that instill significance and urgency.

Marketers with a strong understanding of motivation-need consumer behavior theory can effectively craft campaigns and advertisements around an artificial need that they control within the consumer. A common modern example comes in the form of luxury carmakers that emphasize the safety and security features within their vehicles over the aesthetic, convincing consumers that spending their money on an expensive luxury car is acceptable because it fulfills the need to provide physiological safety for oneself and family.

4. Hawkins Stern Impulse Buying

In contrast to the focus on rational action found in most other theories of consumer behavior, Hawkins Stern put its focus on impulse behavior. It’s Stern’s argument that the impulse to purchase was only one-half of average consumer behavior, fitting neatly beside tendencies toward more rational purchasing decisions. These impulse decisions are influenced mostly by external stimuli like walking past a convincing advertisement and possess very little relationship to traditional decision-making habits.

Impulse buying exists on four levels of the Stern philosophy. The first level is the quick, pure impulse purchase, like making a last-minute purchase on the way out of a grocery or hardware store. The second level is known as the “reminded” impulse purchase, which makes associations between one product and another. For example, placing chips and salsa in the same aisle, so if you’re planning to buy one, you’re reminded you may want the other.

The third level is the suggested impulse purchase, such as tacking on a warranty offer as you purchase electronics or power tools. The fourth level is the planned impulse decision, which is deliberate in that consumers know they want to buy a type of product, but just aren’t sure of the specifics.

Marketers have spent years trying to master the power of impulse purchases. From the art of packaging to the arrangement of a product on store shelves, everything has an impact on the target audience’s impulse control.

5. Theory of Buyer Behavior

The core concept present in the theory of buyer behavior is that purchasing behavior is, generally speaking, reliably repetitive and prone to establishing a familiar purchasing routine to save time and simplify the decision-making process. In answer to this, the theory seeks to identify the elements of that decision process and note any changes that occur, and whether those things grew out of a commercial and social environment that any given brand could influence.

According to this consumer behavior theory, a buyer’s preferred choice of brand is informed by motives; alternative choices, or courses of action; and any decision mediators that match the motives with those alternatives, such as whether the buyer thinks coffee is better in the morning or the evening. Through understanding these mediators, the alternative brands on the market, and the brands the consumer is aware of, there’s room to find a gap and make something that fills that gap.

In addition, there’s an opportunity when a new buyer is in the market to purchase a new type of product (product class), but lacks experience or knowledge of the product needed. The information the buyer seeks or accidentally receives from a third party is processed through the lens of what’s needed and how well that product might fulfill that need.

It may also be compared to previous types of products and use a similar process in making the new decision. For example, according to the theory of buyer behavior, a buyer may generalize the experience of purchasing a refrigerator and use that experience to inform the purchase of a new dishwasher.

Regardless of the source, the one making the purchase develops the decision mediators needed to reliably choose that brand in the future based on what seems to have the best potential for satisfying the purchaser’s motives.

Bring Together Marketing and Business with a Smart Education

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How is the personality of a consumer important for a marketer?

Personality shows the individual choices for various products and brands. It helps the marketers in deciding when and how to promote the product. Personality can be categorized on the basis of individual traits, likes, dislikes etc.

How can the knowledge of personality be used to develop marketing strategy?

By gaining a deeper understanding of the ways specific personality traits influence purchasing decisions, businesses can design and launch more effective campaigns and establish stronger connections with prospective and current customers.

How is personality used in marketing?

Personality-Driven Marketing is the targeting of people based not only on their past behaviors and explicitly stated preferences but based on their underlying psychological profiles. It is the use of personality trait science to better tailor messages for clients.

How can audience and consumer psychology be used in marketing?

Marketing psychology attempts to understand the way that consumers think, feel, reason, and make decisions. The goal of marketing is to convince people, and making a calculated emotional appeal can be just what you need to land a lasting customer.